说起托福阅读部分,很多考生的第一反应就是时间不够、做不完题,归根结底,还是考生们的基础没有打好,所以小编给出的建议是有针对性的复习托福阅读题型,今天小编就以阅读真题为例,带着大家学一下托福备考如何应对推理题!
一、题型分类
对于托福阅读来说,词汇是根本。在阅读中词汇题(vocabulary questions)的数量很多,每篇存在三至五题不等。
接下来就是阅读中的句子。句子细节在托福中的考察形式和内容相比词汇更为深入。有对于单个句子结构和主干意思理解做出的考察,即句子简化题(sentence simplification questions)。有对于文中明确表述的细节信息的考察和理解,即事实信息题(factual information questions)。还有对于文中明确表述信息真伪的识别和理解,也就是否定事实信息题(negative factual information questions)。除此之外,阅读还会考察对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述的信息的识别和理解能力,即推理题(inference questions)。
在阅读中,对于段落的考察往往侧重于句子之间的关系。句与句之间的连接往往会有名词的重复以及代词的指代,所以有了指代题(reference questions)。内容的衔接除了代词指代之外,还有逻辑关系的递进,所以又有了修辞目的题(rhetorical purpose questions)。如果说指代题和修辞目的题是对于句间关系的识别的话,那么句子插入题(insert sentence questions)则是两者的升级版,是对于句间关系的逻辑的应用。
当然,托福阅读也涉及篇章中段落的主旨以及段间的关系的考查。若是顺承的关系往往出的是总结题(prose summary questions),若是对比分类的关系往往出的是表格题(fill in a table questions)。
二、题型难度
通过以上的分类讲解,相信大家对于托福阅读十大题型考察的能力有了了解。那么十大题型里,哪种题型相对比较难呢?如果说其他题型是通过词汇积累或者对于文章里的信息的透彻理解就可以掌握的话,那么更侧重于考察出题人的逻辑思维模式的题型就是推理题了。
我们再来看一下托福官方指南里对于推理题的表述:对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述信息的识别和理解。大家重点关注强烈暗示这几个词,言下之意就是通过一些相关信息的表述来传递内在的意思,所以体会出题人传达相关信息的模式就变成了解题的关键。

三、推理题中的对比取反
解答推理题应从识别题型入手。推理题题干中常见表示推理或暗示的词汇:infer,imply,indicate,suggest。然后,仔细阅读题干。最后,根据题干信息研读文章信息以做出推理。
接下来我们通过以下四个例子来层层深入解析推理题中对比取反的情况。
1. Paragraph: Two other developments presaged the end of the era of turnpikes and started a transportation revolution that resulted in increased regional specialization and the growth of a national market economy. First came the steamboat; although flatboats and keelboats continued to be important until the 1850s, steamboats eventually superseded all other craft in the carrying of passengers and freight. Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats.
1. Which of the following can be inferred from the paragraph about flatboats and keelboats?
A. They ceased to be used as soon as the first turnpikes were built.
B. They were slower and more expensive to operate than steamboats.
C. They were used for long-distance but not for regional transportation.
D. They were used primarily on the Erie Canal.
根据题干信息flatboats and keelboats对应到原文句子Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats. 从句子里steamboat以及keelboats之间的faster 以及one tenth of很容易得出B选项。解出答案之后,希望大家思考,这样一道推理题透露了出题人设置题目时的逻辑思维,那就是信息的对比,而且有对比的时候,答案往往会取反面。
以上就是小编今天为大家介绍的托福推理题的解题技巧,希望大家在备考中一定要重视起来,提高阅读水平和考试成绩,如果还想了解更多关于托福查分官网、托福考试报名费的内容,可以添加我们的客服微信kewo11。


                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                
                                        